How to care for children's feet
As children's feet are continually growing and developing, it's paramount that you give extra care to them. Regularly monitor your child's feet to ensure they are not in pain and that their feet develop properly.
In this guide, we outline some of the most common children's foot problems, how to care for and prevent them and handy care tips to keep on top of your child's foot health.
What are common foot problems in kids?
In-toeing (pigeon-toed) and out-toeing (duck-footed) are gait abnormalities where the feet point inward or outward where their weight falls to the inside or the outside of the feet, also known as pronation. These conditions often correct themselves as a child grows, but severe cases may require intervention.
Over-pronation is not an effective way to walk, and it causes long-term walking problems. It also makes fitting shoes difficult.
In-toeing or out-toeing pronation
When the child's weight comes down onto the inner or outside margin of the foot, the muscles on the sides of the leg try to control the foot and keep it balanced but can't. The foot loses its balance and rolls in or outwards.
If this happens to a child wearing soft shoes, the foot cannot lie straight in the shoe. The inside or outside quarters (rear of the shoe) collapse, and the little toe experiences pressure from the forepart of the shoe.
Under these conditions, shoes do not fit well and will not last very long. However, well-made children's fitted shoes, which are stiff at the back yet flexible at the front, control children's feet and keep them balanced. They will relieve the muscles from strain and keep the shoes in good shape.
All children's feet will pronate at some point in their lives to varying degrees, which in almost all cases will correct itself as the muscles strengthen and develop. If you detect pronation, however, ensure they have good quality fitted footwear to help their feet properly develop.
Athlete's Foot
Fungal infections, including athlete's foot, can occur on children's feet, causing itching, redness, and discomfort. Good foot hygiene and keeping feet dry can help prevent these infections.
Your children's shoes should only contain natural materials. Cotton and leather linings and leather uppers are porous, so they ensure moisture is absorbed and allowed to escape, keeping the feet dry and avoiding irritating afflictions such as Athlete's Foot
Erratic foot growth
Children's feet grow erratically in fits and starts during infancy, and feet can grow by a half size in weeks. Check children's shoes every eight weeks to see if the shoes still fit, this is particularly important when they are non verbal as they cannot tell you that their shoes are tight and some little people happily wear shoes that are just too small.
Admittedly, this time in the child's development can be expensive! However, this is money well spent. Don't be tempted to make shoes last longer or revert to poorly made, ill-fitting footwear, as your investment in the future will pay dividends! You only have one pair of feet.
A trained shoe fitter will check the shoes and advise the customer on whether the child needs a new pair. At The Children's Shoe Company, we will not sell you a pair of shoes unless required.
Flat feet
Flat feet occur when the arches of the feet are not well-developed. In most cases, flat feet in children do not cause pain or problems. But, if there is persistent pain or difficulty walking, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional. You can also invest in shoe insoles to help support your child's feet or purchase a shoe with a pronounced arch support, Petasil are great for shoes for this, we describe them as having a friendly bump.
Severe Flatfoot (Pes Planus)
While most cases of flat feet are normal variations, some children may develop severe flatfoot that causes pain and requires medical attention.
Sever's Disease (Calcaneal Apophysitis)
Sever's Disease is a common cause of heel pain in growing children. It occurs when the growth plate in the heel becomes inflamed, often due to repetitive stress from activities, for example, running and jumping.
To help prevent this, it is also important to remember to wear the right shoes for the right occasion. Try to get shoes for the purpose your child will use them for, or they may not offer the correct support.
Toe walking
Some children walk on their toes instead of using a heel-to-toe walking pattern. While toe walking isn't unusual in early childhood, persistent toe walking may require evaluation by a healthcare professional.
Warts
The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes plantar warts and can develop on the soles of the feet. They may be painful and can spread if not treated. Consult your local chemist to determine a suitable treatment plan.
Toe deformities
Conditions like hammer toes, mallet toes, and claw toes involve abnormal bending or curling of the toes. These may be congenital or develop over time, but if they are causing pain, seek advice from a healthcare professional.
Ingrown toenails
This condition happens when the edge of a toenail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain, redness, and swelling. It can result from improper nail trimming or wearing tight shoes. To prevent ingrown toenails, cut toenails straight across and not too short - don't curve them because this can encourage the toenails to grow into the skin.
Shoe-related issues
Ill-fitting shoes can contribute to various foot problems. It's crucial to ensure children wear shoes that provide proper support and allow for natural foot development. Never put your child in shoes that are too big or too small, and ensure that all footwear, including trainers, properly fit.
To find your child's shoe size, read our guide on How to Measure Your Child's Feet at Home.
Children's foot care FAQs
Why are my child's feet peeling?
There could be several reasons your child's feet could be peeling, some more serious than others. Here are some of the most common reasons and how to treat and prevent them.
If your child's feet are peeling and the cause is unclear or if there are additional symptoms like pain, redness, or swelling, it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional. A paediatrician or a dermatologist can examine the child's feet, determine the underlying cause, and recommend appropriate treatment or management strategies.
In the meantime, maintaining good foot hygiene, using mild and hypoallergenic soaps, and applying a suitable moisturiser can help alleviate dry skin-related peeling.
1. Dry Skin
One of the most common reasons for peeling skin is dryness. Children's skin is often more sensitive and can dry out due to weather conditions, exposure to harsh soaps, or insufficient moisturisation. Keep your child's feet moisturised, and only use soap for sensitive skin to prevent dry peeling.
2. Athlete's Foot
The fungal infection can also cause peeling, itching, and redness on your child's feet. This condition is more common in warm and moist environments, such as sweaty feet inside shoes. If your child has Athlete's Foot, consult your pharmacist for the correct cream treatment and make sure your child's feet are dry after they get wet.
3. Eczema
Children may develop eczema, a chronic skin condition characterised by inflammation and dry, itchy skin. Eczema can affect the feet, leading to peeling and discomfort. Consult a health professional for the appropriate course of medication.
4. Contact Dermatitis
Exposure to irritating substances, such as certain soaps, detergents, or chemicals, can cause contact dermatitis. Peeling skin may occur as a reaction to the irritants. Keep all harmful substances away from children in the home, and only use soap for sensitive skin.
5. Allergic Reaction
Some children may have allergies to certain materials in shoes, socks, or even specific skincare products, leading to an allergic reaction and subsequent peeling. If you're unsure of the reaction cause, get help to determine the cause from a health professional.
6. Sunburn
Prolonged sun exposure without adequate protection can result in sunburn, including on the feet. Peeling skin may occur as the sunburned skin begins to heal. Always apply waterproof factor 50+SPF suncream to children's skin, including their feet.
7. Infections
Bacterial or viral infections can cause skin peeling. In some cases, Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease, a viral infection common in young children, can cause peeling of the skin on the feet. Seek medical advice if you believe the foot infection is bacterial.
8. Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition affecting the skin, causing redness, scaling, and peeling. It may occur on various parts of the body, including the feet.
Why do my child's feet hurt at night?
Children's feet can hurt at night for various reasons, some requiring medical attention and some completely normal. If your child is experiencing foot pain at night, consider the possible causes, but consult a healthcare professional if you need a more accurate diagnosis.
If your child consistently complains of foot pain at night or there are signs of swelling, redness, or difficulty walking, consult a paediatrician or a healthcare professional. A thorough evaluation can help identify the underlying cause so you can take appropriate measures to address the issue and alleviate your child's discomfort.
1. Growing Pains
Although typical for children, growing pains can cause discomfort in the legs and feet during childhood, often occurring at night. These pains are typically harmless and tend to affect children between ages 3 and 12. The exact cause is unknown, but they are most associated with growth spurts.
2. Flat Feet
Your child could be experiencing pain if they have flat feet or fallen arches, especially after a day of physical activity. Flat feet can cause strain on the muscles and ligaments, contributing to discomfort. Ensure they have the proper foot support in their shoes.
3. Overuse or strain
Children who play sports or are active may experience foot pain due to overuse or strain. Repetitive activities or improper footwear while playing can contribute to discomfort.
4. Sever's Disease
Also known as calcaneal apophysitis, Sever's Disease is a common cause of heel pain, particularly in active children. It occurs when the growth plate in the heel becomes inflamed.
5. Injury or trauma
A recent injury or trauma to the foot, such as a sprain or strain, may cause pain, and the discomfort may be more noticeable at night when the child is at rest.
6. Restless leg syndrome
This condition causes an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, often accompanied by discomfort. Restless leg syndrome can cause foot discomfort, and symptoms may worsen at night.
7. Footwear issues
Ill-fitting shoes or shoes with inadequate support can contribute to foot pain. Ensure your child's shoes provide proper support and have enough room for their growing feet.
8. Infections or inflammation
Infections or inflammatory conditions, such as plantar fasciitis or arthritis, can cause foot pain. These conditions may be more noticeable when the child is less active at night.
*DID YOU KNOW?* - A fully formed adult foot has 26 bones, 19 muscles and over 100 ligaments, which take up to 18 years to develop.
6 Handy children's foot care tips
1. When to buy their first pair of shoes
Most shoe fitters get asked this question every day! The answer is when the child walks most of the day unaided and wants to walk outside. At this moment, the child needs a pair of shoes to protect their feet.
The time can occur between seven months and two years. Never push your child to walk if they are not ready. Let your child take their time. It is not a race or a mark of your child's brilliance. Learning to walk is exciting, but only if a child does so of their own accord!
Discover our range of boys' and girls' first walkers for your little ones taking their first steps.
2. Choosing shoes for infants
When choosing shoes for infants, select a pair designed for the shape of the feet (slim at the heel and broad at the forepart). An infant's foot is reasonably triangular and consists of gristle and cartilage, so you don't want a shoe that's too restrictive.
A good quality shoe will last, and the design incorporates components that respond to the demands of the foot, for example, weight-bearing, balance and movement. They should be firm and snug at the heel to cradle the foot and yet flexible at the front with an adjustable fastening.
3. Do not forget socks!
Socks can be as crucial as fitted footwear. When a child needs new shoes, they may well need new socks. But, choose carefully. Cotton socks are best for wicking away moisture, comfort and breathability.
Always check the toe seam has a casting-off knot on the end, which can cause painful abrasions. Teach your child to loosen their socks at the toe before putting on shoes, as they can restrict the bloodstream and cause discomfort, particularly with diabetics.
4. Clean and polish shoes regularly
To keep shoes looking good and comfy, clean them regularly and apply a good quality polish to keep the leather soft, supple and comfortable.
5. Drying shoes correctly
Don't dry wet shoes near direct heat - let them dry out naturally in a warm, airy place. It might help to fill them with newspaper to absorb moisture. Leaving shoes wet can encourage bacteria growth, and drying shoes directly on a heat source can damage the leather, making them uncomfortable.
6. Hand-me-downs
Leather is also the only material to conform to the shape of the foot and stay there, thus making the best possible fit for each child. As a result, this is why you should never pass shoes down to another child!
